Corundum: Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃) that crystallizes in bipyramidal prisms (Trigonal System); colors include colorless, blue (sapphire), green, yellow, orange-pink (padparadscha), pink, and purplish-red (ruby); density 3.90–4.10 g/cm³; Mohs hardness 9; refractive indices 1.757–1.770 and 1.765–1.779.



