This content was first published on IGR – Italian Gemological Review no. 17 in 2023. The information provided here is therefore current as of the original publication date.
The First “National Workshop on Fluid and Melt Inclusions” was held in Palermo, Italy, on May 10th and 11th, 2023, at the Lanza Hall of the Botanical Garden. It was organized by the Department of Earth and Sea Sciences at the University of Palermo, thanks to the dedicated commitment of Francesco Maria Lo Forte, Alessandro Aiuppa and Simone Costa.
The event received support from various Associations/Companies and Sponsors, all of whom played a crucial role in fostering collaboration between academic research and the national as well as international business sectors. Participants from various Italian and international universities, as well as national research centers, contributed to the success of the event.

The workshop’s primary objective was to establish a connection between the realms of research, industry and trade, with a specific focus on fluid and melt inclusions within the field of Earth Sciences. The two-day workshop featured thematic sessions with keynote speeches delivered by industry experts, along with oral presentations from attendees. Below is the program for the proceedings:
“Fluid inclusions, tracers of petrological and geodynamic processes”
- Keynote: Maria Luce Frezzotti (University of Milano Bicocca): “Carbon fluxes in the lithospheric mantle recorded by fluid inclusions”.
- Keynote: Andrea Rizzo (INGV section of Milan): “Noble gases isotopes in fluid inclusions: methods and applications to Geosciences”.
- Other lecturers: Federica Benedetti (Sapienza University of Rome), Federico Casetta (University of Vienna), Gabriele Carnevale (University of Palermo), Laura Italiano (INGV section of Palermo), Giulia Marras (Sapienza University of Rome), Andrés Libardo Sandoval Velasquez (University of Palermo).
“Resources and Reserves, fluid inclusions as a method of investigation for prospecting”
- Keynote: Giovanni Ruggieri (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IGG-CNR): “Application of the synthetic fluid inclusion method for temperature measurements in super hot geothermal reservoirs”.
- Other lecturers: Evelina Dallara (University of Pisa).
“Melt inclusions, tracers of deep and superficial magmatic processes”
- Keynote: Rosario Esposito (University of Milano Bicocca): “Selecting melt inclusions associated to volcanic systems and interpreting their volatile records: an integrated approach”.
- Other lecturers: Emanuela Gennaro (University of Chieti-Pescara), Francesco Maria Lo Forte (University of Palermo), Anna Maria Lima (University of Napoli, Federico II), Bruna Cariddi (INGV section of Napoli), Simone Costa (University of Pisa).
“Fluid inclusions in gemological materials”
- Keynote: Maya Musa (University of Milano Bicocca; currently: University of Pavia): “Fluid inclusions in gemstones: which information can provide for gem lab applications?”.
- Other lecturers: Francesco Protopapas (Affide, credit company on estimate).
This final thematic session addressed various topics, including the analytical steps for identifying gemological materials, the types of fluid inclusions, and the photographic techniques employed in gem photography. The field of gemology garnered considerable interest, and the work presented was exceptionally well-received, to the point that there are plans to reintroduce it with greater participation from gemologists.
Gem News published on IGR – Italian Gemological Review #17, Autumn 2023



















